Financial Risk

Making stress testing decision-useful

How to design stress scenarios that inform capital, liquidity and strategic decisions.

By Jonas Adam Mohamed Osman AbdelghafourPublished 4 August 2025Last reviewed 28 August 2026

Summary

Stress testing produces value when it changes decisions. Programmes that produce polished packs but no observable change in capital plans, appetite or business strategy have failed at their purpose.

Scenario design

Scenarios should be severe but plausible, and tailored to the firm's specific vulnerabilities. Standardised regulatory scenarios are a floor, not a ceiling.

Reverse stress testing

Reverse stress asks what would break the firm and works backward. It is uniquely useful for surfacing tail vulnerabilities that forward scenarios miss.

Integration

Stress results should feed ICAAP, ILAAP, recovery planning, appetite reviews and business planning. Stress that lives only inside the risk function is not integrated.

Management actions

Assumed management actions should be realistic, timed and evidenced. Actions that require deep and functioning markets in stress are not credible.

Governance

Scenario approval, model use, results challenge and communication to the board should follow a documented cycle with clear ownership.

Limitations

Stress testing is a structured argument, not a forecast. Its purpose is to illuminate exposures and inform decisions under uncertainty.

Related expertise

See Enterprise Risk Management and Banking Risk.

Current compliance reading

About the author

Jonas Adam Mohamed Osman Abdelghafour is a Chief Risk Officer, Risk & Compliance Director and governance expert advising banks, insurers and regulated firms. See the professional profile, about and qualifications.

Frequently asked questions

What should risk leaders know about scenario design?

Scenarios should be severe but plausible, and tailored to the firm's specific vulnerabilities. Standardised regulatory scenarios are a floor, not a ceiling.

What should risk leaders know about reverse stress testing?

Reverse stress asks what would break the firm and works backward. It is uniquely useful for surfacing tail vulnerabilities that forward scenarios miss.

What should risk leaders know about integration?

Stress results should feed ICAAP, ILAAP, recovery planning, appetite reviews and business planning. Stress that lives only inside the risk function is not integrated.

What should risk leaders know about management actions?

Assumed management actions should be realistic, timed and evidenced. Actions that require deep and functioning markets in stress are not credible.

What should risk leaders know about governance?

Scenario approval, model use, results challenge and communication to the board should follow a documented cycle with clear ownership.